Jäger, Anton. (2026). Hyperpolitics:
Extreme Politicization without Political Consequences. Verso.

Williams, Z. (2026.7.23). Meet the man whose groundbreaking book is being devoured by the left. The Guardian.

연대기적 구분: 정치화/제도화

• 1914-1989 대중 정치 mass-politics
• 1989-2008 탈정치 post-politics
• 2008-2020 반정치 anti-politics
• 2020- 초정치 hyperpolitics “neither institutional roots nor ambitions”

기관 없는 몸(bodies without organs, corps sans organes)

Paolo Gerbaudo. 내부 대사, 신진대사metabolism의 결여.
움직이고 흐르는 표면, 근육은 있지만 소화하고 순환 시키는 내장이 없음.
공유된 문화, 의사결정구조 > 조직. 기반. 제도.

“How institutionalised is society?” “There was little boundary between public and private, and no such thing as a political identity without a membership card.”

전통적인 조직 – 노조 탄압과 의회에 대한 불신. “That’s politics with a capital P – you might see a community animated about an issue, but with no faith in parliamentary channels.” > 자본 영향력의 극단화 & Bonapartism.

The more immediately controversial proposition of the book, though, is that what we are watching in Trump’s US is not fascism, because the right only travels to that extreme in the face of a direct threat of organised socialism. “The left is doing itself too many favours by considering its opponents fascists,” he says. “You’re overestimating your strength. The contemporary far right is more a function of the crisis of liberalism than it is a function of the strength of the left.”

타이워, 올루페미 O. (2022/2024). 엘리트 포획: 엘리트는 어떻게 정체성 정치를 (그리고 모든 것을) 포획하는가? (권순욱 역). 두번째테제.

Freeman, J. (1972-1973). The Tyranny of Structurelessness.